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How Does the Goldilocks Principle Apply to Prebriefing in Clinical Simulations?

Erica Ligon, MEd, CCC-SLP, Farzana Vela, MS, CCC-SLP, BSRC, RRT-NPS

April 1, 2026

Question

How does the Goldilocks Principle apply to prebriefing in clinical simulations?

Answer

Prebriefing, a key debriefing tool, should follow the Goldilocks principle: providing just the right amount of support before simulation-based learning. Too little support increases anxiety and guesswork, while too much risks spoon-feeding and dulling the experience. The prebrief must be calibrated to the learner, considering four key areas.

  • Academic experiences: What coursework have they completed? Understanding this helps us gauge their foundational knowledge.
  • Clinical experience: What have they actually done in practice and at what level of independence? This helps us tailor scenarios and discussions to their skill level.
  • Background knowledge: Are there prerequisite concepts, protocols, or procedures we need to review to ensure learners have the necessary knowledge to succeed in the simulation?
  • Previous simulation experience: Have learners participated in simulations before? Do they understand the debriefing roles, norms, and expectations?

By asking these questions, we can ensure the prebrief orients learners without removing the challenge and opportunity for independent learning that makes simulation so powerful.

 

This Ask the Expert is an edited excerpt from the course, Practical Approaches for Engaging Learners During Simulation Debriefing, presented by Erica Ligon, MEd, CCC-SLP, and Farzana Vela, MS, CCC-SLP, BSRC, RRT-NPS.


erica ligon

Erica Ligon, MEd, CCC-SLP

Erica Ligon, M.Ed., CCC-SLP, CHSE is a speech-language pathologist and Certified Healthcare Simulation Educator (CHSE). In her role as Simucase Supervision Manager, she develops speech-language pathology simulations and works with faculty to coordinate/implement Simucase supervision experiences. Erica has practiced as a speech-language pathologist for over ten years and has experience diagnosing and treating a broad range of communication disorders across the lifespan. Erica completed her undergraduate and master’s degrees at The University of Georgia.


farzana vela

Farzana Vela, MS, CCC-SLP, BSRC, RRT-NPS

Farzana Vela, MS, CCC-SLP, BSRC, RRT-NPS, is a speech-language pathologist and respiratory care practitioner with over 17 years of combined clinical experience in adult and pediatric populations, spanning acute care, inpatient rehabilitation, and outpatient clinics, with a specialty in neonatal/pediatric care.

She is the Senior Strategic Content Developer for SP & RT learning sites at Continued and Simucase, where she leverages her dual-discipline expertise to develop online courses, clinical simulations, and educational content.

Farzana also leads Simucase simulation debriefing sessions for graduate clinicians in speech-language pathology as part of the Simucase Supervision Program. Her interdisciplinary approach promotes evidence-based practice and enhances learning outcomes across both speech-language pathology and respiratory care.
 


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